The Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Türkiye Defence Pact — Beyond The “Muslim NATO” Narrative
Reading Time: 10 minutesExecutive Assessment The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye should not be described uncritically as a “Muslim NATO” or “Sunni NATO”. While the agreement establishes a collective-defence principle under which an armed attack against one member is to be regarded as an attack against all three, Continue Reading
India–Türkiye Rift Risks Regional Realignment and Strategic Isolation
Reading Time: 4 minutesMounting tensions between India and Türkiye are ushering in what analysts are calling a strategic recalibration in South Asia. Türkiye’s deepening military ties with Pakistan and Bangladesh now threaten to erode India’s influence and further complicate its already fragile regional security environment. While Türkiye remains a NATO member, India’s confrontational Continue Reading