The Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Türkiye Defence Pact — Beyond The “Muslim NATO” Narrative
Reading Time: 10 minutesExecutive Assessment The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye should not be described uncritically as a “Muslim NATO” or “Sunni NATO”. While the agreement establishes a collective-defence principle under which an armed attack against one member is to be regarded as an attack against all three, Continue Reading
Saudi–Pakistan Pact and Bangladesh’s Strategic Choices
Reading Time: 3 minutesThe announcement of a new defence pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has sent ripples through both the Middle East and South Asia. More than a bilateral understanding, it is a signal of how security in these two regions is converging. Both sides describe the pact as a commitment to Continue Reading