Bangladesh’s defence budget – An analysis

Reading Time: 4 minutes We take a closer look at Bangladesh’s defence budget, historical data, present situation and future trends in defence spending. YearDefence Spending (USD billion)Defence Spending as % of GDPArmy (%)Navy (%)Air Force (%)Key Factors & Threat Perception19700.050.3%70%10%20%Pre-independence, minimal military expenditure. Focused on internal security and keeping the peace during political instability.19750.070.4%75%10%15%Post-independence, heavy reliance on the army for maintaining stability. Key focus on border security with India and establishing a cohesive military structure.19800.150.5%70%15%15%Internal insurgencies (e.g., Chittagong Hill Tracts) increase spending. Emphasis on army and low naval/air forces capability.19900.50.9%65%20%15%Cold War-era spending prioritises army and internal security. Begin modest investment in naval and air capabilities due to rising concerns over maritime security.20001.21.2%60%20%20%Transition towards modernisation begins, particularly in air force and naval assets. Rising concerns about Myanmar and regional maritime security in the Bay of Bengal.20102.51.6%55%25%20%Increasing tensions with Myanmar and India. Focus on modernisation of armed forces with support from China