Report on India–Pakistan Clashes (2025)

Reading Time: 2 minutes From late April to early May 2025, escalating hostilities between India and Pakistan have led to the most severe military clashes in the region in over two decades. Triggered by long-standing territorial disputes over Kashmir and intensified by cross-border militant activity and retaliatory operations, both nations have engaged in sustained air and drone warfare, resulting in significant civilian and military casualties, infrastructure damage, and losses of military equipment. This report provides a concise and evidence-based summary of the known impacts to date, including casualties, aircraft and drone losses, and damage to infrastructure. All data has been compiled from verified open sources and is cited in accordance with the Harvard referencing style. Summary Table of Casualties, Damages, and Military Losses CategoryIndiaPakistanFighter Aircraft Lost5 total: 3 Rafale, 1 MiG-29, 1 Su-30 (claimed by Pakistan) (onmanorama.com)3 total: 2 JF-17, 1 F-16 (claimed by India) (thetimes.co.uk)Drones Lost77 total: 29 until