From late April to early May 2025, escalating hostilities between India and Pakistan have led to the most severe military clashes in the region in over two decades. Triggered by long-standing territorial disputes over Kashmir and intensified by cross-border militant activity and retaliatory operations, both nations have engaged in sustained air and drone warfare, resulting in significant civilian and military casualties, infrastructure damage, and losses of military equipment.
This report provides a concise and evidence-based summary of the known impacts to date, including casualties, aircraft and drone losses, and damage to infrastructure. All data has been compiled from verified open sources and is cited in accordance with the Harvard referencing style.
Summary Table of Casualties, Damages, and Military Losses
| Category | India | Pakistan |
|---|---|---|
| Fighter Aircraft Lost | 5 total: 3 Rafale, 1 MiG-29, 1 Su-30 (claimed by Pakistan) (onmanorama.com) | 3 total: 2 JF-17, 1 F-16 (claimed by India) (thetimes.co.uk) |
| Drones Lost | 77 total: 29 until last evening, 48 more since then (claimed by Pakistan) (en.wikipedia.org) | 1 UAV (claimed by India) (en.wikipedia.org) |
| Air Defense Systems | Damage reported to HQ-9B system in Lahore (claimed by India) (wsj.com) | No significant losses reported |
| Missiles Intercepted | Multiple Pakistani missiles and drones intercepted (claimed by India) (wsj.com) | No significant interceptions reported |
| Other Equipment | No significant losses reported | No significant losses reported |
| Military Personnel KIA | 13 soldiers killed in cross-border shelling and drone attacks (thetimes.co.uk) | Dozens of Indian soldiers killed in Kashmir (claimed by Pakistan) (news.sky.com) |
| Military Personnel Injured | Several soldiers injured in cross-border engagements (exact numbers not specified) | 4 military personnel injured in Indian drone attacks (theguardian.com) |
| Civilian Casualties | 15 civilians killed, 43 injured in Poonch district due to Pakistani artillery fire (en.wikipedia.org) | 31 civilians killed, 46 injured in Indian missile strikes (en.wikipedia.org) |
| Infrastructure Damage | Damage to military bases in Jammu, Udhampur, and Pathankot due to Pakistani drone and missile attacks (theaustralian.com.au) | Damage to civilian areas, including mosques, in Lahore and other cities due to Indian missile strikes (wsj.com) |
Indian defence expert concedes IAF Rafale losses
Pakistan Army shoots down 77+ Indian Harop kamikaze drones
References
- Dawn (2025) Pakistan claims to down five Indian jets. [online] Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1908824 [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Le Monde (2025) Military operation in Pakistan reveals weaknesses of India’s air force. [online] Available at: https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/05/08/military-operation-in-pakistan-reveals-weaknesses-of-india-s-air-force_6741047_4.html [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- The Guardian (2025a) India–Pakistan live updates: conflict escalation continues. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/may/08/india-pakistan-kashmir-latest-live-news [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Wikipedia (2025) Crise indo-pakistanaise de 2025. [online] Available at: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crise_indo-pakistanaise_de_2025 [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- BDMilitary on X (2025) Pakistan Army downs 77 Indian drones. [online] Available at: https://x.com/BDMILITARY/status/1920781406730678351 [Accessed 9 May 2025].
More Stories
The Rohingya Safe Zone: A Technical Analysis of Bangladesh’s Strategic Opportunity to Establish Depth and Encircle Northeast India
Countering Indian Hegemony through a Rohingya Safe Zone
India’s Heightened Security Posture Along the Bangladesh Border Post-Operation Sindoor: Strategic Miscalculation or Calculated Pressure?