Italian Youtube channel Gens Italia recently covered the Bangladesh Air Force’s Eurofighter Typhoon acquisition. We analysed the content to provide a useful reference. BDMilitary does not necessarily agree with all the comments voiced by the Italian defence expert but is reproducing it for reference purposes.
British English Translation
The Bangladesh Air Force has signed a letter of intent with Leonardo to begin a possible acquisition process for the Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter jet. The document, signed at Bangladesh Air Force Headquarters, represents a preliminary—yet concrete—step within the national programme to modernise Bangladesh’s armed forces, which aims to renew a fleet currently made up of heterogeneous systems sourced from different countries.
As we always say, when it comes to acquiring a new military aircraft or a tank, it is never just about buying a new toy for defence; it is about geopolitics and politics. As usual, military and diplomatic representatives from both countries attended the ceremony, and the Typhoon’s selection comes after a period of technical assessments carried out by Bangladesh across various combat platforms.
Among the options examined were Russian, Chinese and, naturally, Western aircraft. China had proposed the Chengdu J-10 fighter, carefully evaluated to the point that in April, according to sources, a government committee was created to negotiate the purchase of 20 Chinese aircraft for an estimated value of 2.2 billion dollars. The process, however, was never concluded and no order was announced. Other options considered included the French Rafale, later discarded, and the Pakistani JF-17, which remains a possible competitor.
Despite this, the Typhoon has emerged as the most interesting platform, sufficiently so to push negotiations forward. Leonardo, which has a 21% share in the Eurofighter programme, led the industrial proposal submitted to Bangladesh, and Italy would be involved in production, logistical and technical support, and training. In the event of an order, the final assembly of aircraft destined for the BAF would very likely take place in Turin. Bangladesh has already sent a delegation to Italy in 2025 to inspect and evaluate the Typhoon.
A new order would be significant for the Eurofighter programme, which—as you know—requires additional or new orders to keep the European industrial supply chain active. In recent months there have been positive signs, such as new agreements including one with Türkiye, but Asia remains a region where the Typhoon still has no presence. Bangladesh’s potential entry would therefore represent a notable geographical expansion and strengthen the consortium’s production prospects.
At the moment, we do not yet have data on the numbers and costs of the acquisition package, but reports indicate an order of between 10 and 16 aircraft, including two dual-seat variants for training. As for the version, we are talking about the latest tranche of the Eurofighter, which would give Bangladesh an aircraft upgraded to the most recent standards.
I won’t go into technical detail, but the Typhoon is well known in Europe and beyond—probably also thanks to its distinctive silhouette. It is an advanced fourth-generation twin-engine multirole fighter, designed for both air-to-air and air-to-surface roles. It can reach Mach 2.0, integrates an AESA radar, modern sensors, and advanced electronic warfare systems to defend against threats and operate even in contested electromagnetic environments. It also supports a wide range of armaments—an important point for Bangladesh, because adopting this platform would require restructuring the logistical and training chain, as well as acquiring compatible weaponry. This inevitably has implications for relations with the West, while also creating opportunities for Western countries to supply new armaments compatible with the aircraft.
To conclude, Leonardo and Italy are already present in Bangladesh with several helicopters and a small number of Falco drones, which can also be adapted for offensive roles. As for the Eurofighter Typhoon in Bangladesh, we still do not have precise dates. The letter of intent expresses a willingness to continue, but is not a binding commitment. The next phase should include negotiations on price, configuration, delivery times and support.
Analytical Table – Breakdown of Key Points
| Theme / Point | Summary | Strategic / Political Implications | BDMilitary Perspective |
|---|---|---|---|
| Letter of Intent with Leonardo | Bangladesh exploring Eurofighter acquisition | Signals Western engagement and strategic pivot | Indicates shift away from purely Chinese reliance |
| Modernisation Programme | BAF seeks fleet renewal | Aligns with long-term force structure upgrades | Typhoon would be most advanced aircraft in BAF history |
| Evaluation of Multiple Aircraft | J-10C, JF-17, Rafale, Russian jets | Shows Dhaka’s procurement neutrality | But West offers greater long-term capability |
| J-10 Negotiation Stall | Committee formed but no deal | Suggests hesitancy towards Chinese dependency | J-10 is capable, the air force will purchase them too but they are politically limiting concerning action against Myanmar |
| Typhoon as Top Choice | Rated most attractive | Offers high-end NATO-level performance | Ideal for air superiority and deterrence |
| Leonardo’s Industrial Role | Italy to offer training and support | Builds long-term defence partnership | Boosts BAF’s institutional capability |
| Assembly in Turin | Final assembly in Italy | Efficient but limited local industry benefit | Limited component ToT for spares |
| Order Size 10–16 Jets | Elite but small fleet | Significant capability jump | Enough for deterrence, second squadron to be acquired in future |
| Latest Typhoon Tranche | Modern variant | Ensures long-term relevance | High-tech step for BAF |
| Logistics & Armaments | Need for new Western weapons | Increased dependency on the West | Meteor, Storm Shadow access is transformative |
| Italian Presence | Drones, helicopters already in BD | Familiar partnership foundation | Eases integration process |
BDMilitary Strategic Assessment: Bangladesh’s Eurofighter Typhoon Ambition
A Defining Moment for Bangladesh’s Air Power
Bangladesh’s recent letter of intent with Leonardo represents a watershed moment in the evolution of the Bangladesh Air Force. While the nation has modernised various platforms over the past decade, no previous acquisition has carried the geopolitical weight or long-term strategic implications embodied in the potential purchase of the Eurofighter Typhoon. This step indicates that Bangladesh is no longer content with incremental upgrades but is instead seeking a transformational leap in capability.
From Evaluation to Strategic Choice
BAF’s comparative evaluation process has been unusually extensive. The acquisition of the Eurofighter Typhoon is part of the original Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (Western) requirement entails procurement of a twin engine high calibre platform of up to two squadrons, each equipped with twelve to sixteen units.
The Typhoon’s emergence as the frontrunner is not the product of convenience, but of calculated strategic logic. It demonstrates a desire to elevate airpower to a level comparable with top-tier regional forces and to establish deeper defence ties with technologically advanced Western nations.
Rebalancing the China–Bangladesh Defence Equation
For nearly three decades, China has been Bangladesh’s primary supplier of combat aircraft. A Typhoon acquisition would not sever that relationship, but it would significantly rebalance it. China would no longer hold a near-exclusive position in BAF’s fighter fleet. This shift has broader consequences for interoperability, intelligence sharing and training pipelines, all of which would move closer to NATO standards. Bangladesh’s procurement posture would become more diversified, more autonomous and less susceptible to single-vendor dependency. Moreover, Bangladesh Air Force will maintain the operational flexibility to utilise the Eurofighter against Myanmar if required without facing diplomatic pressure from China if it were to operate J-10CE or other Chinese fighters alone.
A Strategically Elevated Deterrence Posture
If acquired, the Typhoon would instantly become the most capable fighter aircraft in Bangladesh’s arsenal. Its high thrust-to-weight ratio, superlative manoeuvrability and advanced AESA radar redefine what BAF can achieve in both defensive and offensive operations. Access to Meteor missiles alone would alter the calculus of any potential regional confrontation. For Bangladesh, which has traditionally focused on territorial defence, this represents a new level of credible deterrence and airspace control.
Implications for Pakistan and the JF-17 Project
The Sino-Pakistani JF-17 light combat aircraft has never been a strong contender for the Bangladesh Air Force’s single-engine fighter acquisition, largely because China itself does not operate the JF-17 in its own fleet. The aircraft’s promotion is primarily driven by Pakistan. Despite occasional speculation on social media about the BAF procuring the JF-17, there appears to be limited appetite for introducing a third fighter type into an already small inventory. If Bangladesh were to expand its capabilities, it would more likely consider options such as the FA-50 or refurbished F-16s from the United States, both of which could also serve as a strategic signal to regional rivals. Only time will tell if JF-17 Block III fighter aircraft will have export success with the Bangladesh Air Force.
Europe’s Expanding Footprint in South Asian Security
The Typhoon deal is part of a broader pattern of Western—and particularly Italian—engagement in Bangladesh’s security sector. Italy already provides helicopters and unmanned systems, and the Typhoon’s training, maintenance and logistical requirements would deepen institutional relationships between Dhaka and Rome. For Europe, Bangladesh’s interest represents a strategic opening in a region historically dominated by Chinese and Russian defence exports.
Cost, Sustainability and Long-Term Commitments
Operating a fleet of Typhoons will be a demanding undertaking. The financial cost extends far beyond the initial purchase to include training, armament packages, spare parts, software updates and ground infrastructure. Bangladesh must prepare for a long-term investment measured in decades, not years. However, the model of operating a small, high-end fleet is consistent with the strategies of several smaller nations that rely on quality rather than quantity to safeguard their airspace.
Perception and Geopolitical Signalling
The acquisition of the Eurofighter Typhoon would carry different implications across the region. India is unlikely to view any high-end fighter procurement by Bangladesh positively, as it could significantly challenge the existing regional balance at a time when the Indian Air Force is facing a shortage of fighter squadrons. Myanmar, which has recently acquired Su-30s, JF-17s, and other Chinese platforms, would face a notable gap in both quality and quantity compared to the Bangladesh Air Force. By procuring Typhoons, Bangladesh would effectively undermine Myanmar’s self-proclaimed “air superiority” in the region. This move would send a clear message: Bangladesh is committed to strengthening its sovereignty, enhancing its defence capabilities, and engaging with a technologically advanced and politically diversified set of defence partners that is beyond the reach of both India and Myanmar.
A Strategic Leap Towards an Autonomous Future
The letter of intent is not a final contract, but it marks the beginning of a profound transformation. Should negotiations succeed, the Eurofighter Typhoon would redefine the Bangladesh Air Force for a generation, shaping its doctrine, partnerships and regional standing. This move signals a Bangladesh that is increasingly confident, increasingly ambitious and increasingly determined to carve out a sovereign and strategically autonomous role in South Asia.
Bangladesh Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon Acquisition Overview
- Latest Generation Aircraft:
- Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) will acquire the most advanced tranche of the Eurofighter Typhoon, likely Tranche 4 or above at the time of manufacturing, ensuring access to the latest avionics, radar systems, and weapons integration.
- Initial and Follow-on Squadrons:
- The BAF will initially procure one squadron of 12–16 aircraft according to official documents and traditional fighter squadron sizes. Some media sources stated 10 units, however this has not been officially corroborated by the air force.
- This will be followed by a second squadron of a similar size, ensuring gradual force expansion while allowing time for training and infrastructure development.
- Dual-Track Acquisition Strategy:
- BAF is pursuing a dual-track acquisition approach, combining high-end fighters with complementary platforms to maximize operational flexibility.
- This strategy enhances the Air Force’s ability to maintain readiness, respond to multiple threats, and sustain strategic deterrence in the region.
- It also means the J-10CE is being acquired in a separate programme covering single-engine fighter acquisition to form the backbone of the air force’s fighter fleet.
- Comprehensive Procurement Package:
- The acquisition will include complete pilot and ground crew training programs to ensure operational proficiency.
- Full maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) support will be included to guarantee long-term sustainability.
- Spare parts and logistical support will be provided as part of the package to ensure uninterrupted operational availability.
- Infrastructure Development:
- Acquisition will include support for the development or modernisation of necessary airbases, hangars, and maintenance facilities.
- This ensures that BAF can accommodate, maintain, and operate advanced fighters efficiently.
- Technology Transfer:
- Partial transfer of technology for selected components will be included, helping Bangladesh develop domestic capabilities in maintenance, upgrades, and future indigenous projects.
- Comprehensive Armament Suite:
- The deal includes a full package of air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions, allowing the Typhoon to conduct a wide range of missions, from air superiority to precision strike.
- Long-Term Strategic Cooperation:
- Bangladesh aims to establish a long-term partnership with the Eurofighter consortium, ensuring continuous updates, upgrades, and support throughout the aircraft’s lifecycle.
- Enhanced Regional Deterrence:
- This acquisition significantly strengthens BAF’s combat capability and sends a clear signal to regional actors regarding Bangladesh’s commitment to maintaining a credible and technologically advanced air force.
- Operational Flexibility and Future Upgrades:
- Tranche 4 Typhoons provide the capability for future software and weapons upgrades, ensuring that the fleet remains operationally relevant for decades.
- BAF will retain flexibility to integrate new technologies, sensors, and munitions as they become available.
Amit Bhattacharya is a leading defence procurement expert with deep expertise in modern weapon systems and military hardware acquisition. Over more than a decade, he has collaborated with top defence contractors and strategic research institutions, delivering incisive analysis on procurement frameworks, capability development, and technology integration for armed forces worldwide. Amit bridges the gap between operational requirements and industrial capacity, providing authoritative evaluations of modernisation programmes, defence budgets, and acquisition reforms in both established and emerging defence markets. He leads the Defence Procurement and Defence Industry sections at BDMilitary, shaping strategic discourse on defence innovation. Amit earned his Master of Policy and Governance (MPAG) from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, complementing his practical expertise with advanced policy and governance insight.
